Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry

Due to the dynamic demands of modern day careers, it important for companies to test potential recruits. Testing employees is a valuable tool that helps to establish the best people with not only the best behavioral but also the best skills and talents to fit in a particular job (Schwind et al, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schwind et al (2007) also explains that these tests are written as well as oral and sometimes may include roles plays. The company should engage tests that are not biased towards specific people butt towards specific skills. There are four the four basic types of tests available for the restaurant namely: aptitude, personal interest test, personality traits and integrity evaluation. The company needs integrity tests to evaluate employee’s honesty and trustworthiness in the job environment. Trust worthiness is important in portraying employees’ dedication to the job. Personality evaluation will reveal potential employees with the best character traits such customer relation skills, conscientiousness and the emotional stability that are necessary for the fast growing Canadian hotel industry. Aptitude test will help the company to establish the employee’s cognitive skills, knowledge and abilities suitable for the job. The test should also aim at inventorying the recruits’ personal interest The restaurant need to ensure the reliability of test results and as such should combine these four types of tests. This will reduce the margin of error to the bare minimum thus produce valid results that the human resource management will use in making the decision on the best person to hire. Most importantly, the test’s utilitiness will be very important in quantifying the level of productivity of every employee. Thus the company can use test utility information in determining the best combination of employees that will result in the greatest benefit to the company (Jones, Steffy Bray, 1991). Factors to Consider In Preparing a Report to the MSVU University A good report is intended to be informative, factual and realistic. In reporting to the university, there are several factors to consider in when preparing the report. To begin with, one of the key considerations of the report is to establish the validity of the claim by Halifax Chronicle-Herald on the impending disaster in the university’s human resource requirements in the future. Once the validity has been established, it will be important for the report to define the problem clearly and concisely while giving as much background information as possible.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Defining the problem will require highlighting objective and factual information abou t the current MSVU’s human resource dynamics, while isolating unsubstantiated and subjective comments and reports regarding the issue. To avoid being too theoretical, the report should consider giving a quantitative data by providing statistical information in figures presented in graphs and tables. The reason for this data is to substantiate the gap between the current and the future university human resource needs. Accurate assessment of the problem is an important factor in identifying the mitigation steps MSVU’s human resource department should take to in anticipation of the impending situation. Thus, the report should factor in recommendations. While defining the problem the report will avoid using technical jargon but rather layman but formal language. This will help in easier interpretation of the data. In preparing this report will also factor the universities current financial position. This information will be important, as it will help to identify the most e conomically viable options in preparing the institution to deal with the problem. Lastly the report will factor in the consequences that the university faces in the wake of those revelations (UCD n.d.).. Dealing with HIV infected nurses Disturbing reports have emerged that there is still considerable discrimination of people living with HIV AIDS in the Canadian workforce. The Canadian Charter of Right considers HIV AIDS as disability. Thus, it is illegal to discriminate any person infected with the virus at either the workplace or any other place. In this, regard Most of Canadian provinces have outlawed the discrimination of workers because of their HIV status. (Schwind et al, 2007) argues that employees must know the health and safety requirement of their work place and as a manager there will be need to take the necessary action in line with the legal provision that deals with people living with HIV. There are still minimal chances of infection from an infected health worker to a patient or to another health worker. As such, there is needed to take the necessary steps to protect the patients as well as the other health workers from being infected. The Canadian law requires that manager’s treat the health statuses of worker in confidence and that information can only be made public if the person living with the condition voluntarily reveals it. Law in Canada also requires that those living or associating with HIV positive people also have a right to protection from infection. As such there is need to encouraged the nurse to take the necessary counseling on the safest practices that will prevent further spreading of the condition especially to other health workers and patients. The company will also provide the nurse with the necessary tools, be they professional, technical or psychological. These tools are intended to help the nurse protect the patients and fellow health from infection (HIV/AIDS Policy and Law Review, 2005).Advertising We will wri te a custom essay sample on Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Methods of Collecting Information for a Job Analysis Collecting data from one source to do a job analysis will result to invalid and inaccurate information. As such, it is important to incorporate data from various sources and using different techniques to capture as much information that will enable one to come to a valid conclusion. The most effective method to collect job data is performing the job description task itself. The job analyst does the job and thus gains first hand experience. This involves performing the professor’s roles such as preparing for lectures, research and analyzing students’ performance. This will equip the analyst with contextual knowledge regarding the job. The job analyst should also do a persona observation on the job. This entails accompanying the professor(s) as they conduct the ir daily business such as lecturing, researching, administration of test and such other duties. This however does not mean that the analyst will get involved in the job. The analyst should do the observation under normal conditions. Observation reveals information on job roles. Observations and performing the job does not yield all the information needed to do a critical job review. The job analyst also needs to supplement this information from other sources. As such there is need to conduct interviews on other professors about the nature of the job. Interviewing various professors in the tourism department is crucial in getting different perspectives about the job. Interviews could either be oral or written/questionnaires. Most importantly, it would be important to review historical case regarding this discipline. The importance of contacting case studies is because they have been used as important milestones in reaching critical decisions. Combined these four method should reveal conclusive information for a valid job analysis (Open Learning World, 2010). Reference List HIV/AIDS Policy and Law Review. (2005). Protecting discrimination against HIVAIDS status Canada: the legal framework. Aids Law, (10) 1. Web. Jones, W., Steffy, B., Bray, W. (1991). Appling psychology in business: The  handbook for managers and human resource professionals. New York: McMillan.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Open Learning World. (2010). Methods of collecting data for job analysis. Open  Learning World. Web. Schwind, H., Das, H., Wagar, T. (2007). Canadian Human resource management: A strategic approach. Toronto: McGraw–Hill Ryerson. UCD, ( n.d.). Record management and freedom of information unit. Web. This essay on Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry was written and submitted by user Giovanny Carson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Mistreatment of Slaves

The Mistreatment of Slaves Free Online Research Papers Since grade school, students have been taught in their respective history classes about slavery. They were taught about the various aspects of slavery for example, the lack of formal and informal education, their mistreatment, abuse, both verbal and physical, and the everlasting slaughter of innocent slaves. Though there are occasions where one hears that there was a master that didn’t mistreat and abuse his slaves. Those types of master-slave relationships were extremely rare. According to many text and history books slaves were often mistreated and abused on a daily basis. The question, now is, did the mistreatment and abuse of the slaves, in particular the women slaves, in the autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, written by Harriet Jacobs actually occur to that extent. Were slaves really treated in such a way presented by Ms. Jacobs in her autobiography? Slaves were definitely mistreated and abused by their masters and overseers, but what extent did that mistreatment and abuse actually go, is what needs a deeper look. Harriet Jacobs had to use a pseudonym, Linda Brent to be able to publish her autobiography. Ms. Jacobs will be referred to as Linda for the sake of this paper. The autobiography begins with Linda by stating the, â€Å"I was born a slave; but never knew it till six years of happy childhood had passed away†. By this statement, one would begin to question, how could a child born into slavery not know that she was a slave? If one is born a slave, people would believe that mistreatment and abuse starts from, very early ages like around one and two years of age. According to Paul E. Scott, in the novel Slavery Remembered, â€Å"It was possible a young slave to grow well past infancy in a naà ¯ve, childish happiness, oblivious to the painful gulf between his blood relations and his master†. (Escott, 29) Thus this statement validates, those of Linda. The master and mistress did not begin to instill in them at a young age that they were their property and they must obey their every command and wish. So for a child born into slavery and didn’t know that she was a slave, as Linda describes, makes one believe that the mistreatment and abuse could not have been all that damaging and harmful. To have a general sense, it seems that slave children were aloud to grow, without the burden of being a slave or even a servant up until the age five or six which, coincides with the timeline given by Linda in her autobiography. After the age of five or six the, they are made to do minor household chores, and by the age of fifteen almost all slaves were at work on their regular tasks. Another mistreatment that fell upon slaves was their â€Å"right†, or lack there of, to education. Slaves were not given any rights especially the right to learn, or be taught. For Linda to be taught, by her mistress of all people, how to â€Å"read and spell† is a far cry of mistreatment. Being taught to read and spell, would that count as mistreatment or the bettering of a slave that had no right to that knowledge. Later on in her autobiography, she claims to have taught herself. So which part of the autobiography does one side with, the part where she praises her mistress for teaching her to read and spell, or the portion where she makes the reader believe that she taught herself how to read and write. This is a large discrepancy, and truly makes a massive difference, in how one would view the rest of Linda’s story. These kinds of discrepancies, makes the reader criticize all that Linda brings to our attention. There are slave narratives that can found, for ex ample in Black Slave Narratives, which one slave remembers how her mistress taught her to read, but that there were other motives behind it, so that she would be able to spy upon the other slaves and write down all the â€Å"wrong doings† by the other slaves. (Bayliss, 65) Why did Linda praise her mistress by acknowledging the fact that she taught her how to read, was it to down play the mistreatment of her by her mistress, or did it actually occur that way, and the statement made later on in the text, was to make herself look better in the eyes of the reader. There is an extremely common and appropriate reason to why some slaves praise their masters, though they are mistreated and abused. The reason was age, when slaves were still young they had â€Å"limited experiences [which] quite naturally produced limited views†. (Escott, 31) They usually spoke very well of master and mistress and food, while denying that they were ever abused. Linda praised her mistress by vocalizing such things like: â€Å"As a child, I loved my mistress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"†¦I bless her memory†, â€Å"My mistress was so kind to me that I was always glad to do her bidding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"I would sit by her side for hours†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and finally arguing that â€Å"Those were happy days-too happy to last†. (Jacobs 371) As seen through Linda’s admiration filled eyes, one would strongly believe that slaves were not treated as bad as they led everyone to believe, but the reader must take into consideration that at this poi nt in time Linda was indeed a child. As it is today, the same as it was in Linda’s time children are not the most reliable source of information, because of the fact that they have such little experience with the matter at hand. By Linda’s testimony as a child, one should not begin to infer anything about the actual mistreatment and abuse of slaves. One of the first mistreatment mentioned by Linda, is when her new mistress Mrs. Flint made her take off her brand new shoes and stockings given to her by her grandmother, and â€Å"sent [her] on a long distance, on an errand†, while in the snow. (Jacobs, 379) This mistreatment could also be called abuse, to an extent. There was no reason for the punishment, or even the errand she was sent on. That abuse was cruel and uncalled for, and at this period in her autobiography is where, the reader can see a change in Linda from naà ¯ve, young slave girl, into a more open minded, mature, experienced slave. This is when, if Linda attacks or praises someone, whether it is her master, mistress, or lover one would more than likely be able to take her word at face value. This abuse given to her by her mistress was short lived because her master took a very unappreciated interest in the young Linda. He protected her from everyone except himself, no one was allowed to touch her, strike her, or even make her work in the fields. She became the master’s pet and she was grateful for his protection, but what he wanted from her, she would not give. Not only was the abuse of slaves’ physical, but also it was also mental, especially amongst the women slaves. Mr. Flint, Linda’s master began to torment her and make her life a living hell. â€Å"My master met me at every turn reminding me that I belonged to him, and swearing by heaven and earth that he would compel me to submit to him†. (Jacobs, 386) Though the master protects her from physical abuse from everyone else, he often verbally abuses her, and on very rare occasions physically abused her himself. Verbal and physical abuse of a female slaves, was pretty much the norm. They w ere forced into having sexual intercourse, from people like their masters, his children, and the overseers. (Garrison, 62) It seems as though the female slaves are more likely than the males to experiences various sorts of abuse and mistreatment. Men had mostly to only deal with the beatings, but men were not only physically abused but also mentally. What would you call having to watch or here of your mother, aunt, sister, cousin, or even niece being raped and conceiving a child for your master? It is called abuse, of the mental kind in respect to the male slaves. Slaves were not allowed to marry and weren’t supposed to have intercourse. For a male slave to see a woman that maybe he wanted to marry and was not allowed to with child, and when the child is born he/she is mulatto. Surely it caused and extreme amount of mental anguish. People tend not to look at things concerning male slaves in that way. The abuse is extensive for both men and women in this case. Linda goes as far as to ask the question â€Å"why does the slave ever love†. (Jacobs, 392) That sort of question immediately leads you to believe that there has been some form of mistreatment or abuse, and that it is carried with her, her entire life. Everyone deserves love and everyone should love. Linda wanted to be sold to a â€Å"free-born† man and marry him, but Dr. Flint would not allow it. Dr. Flint asked Linda if she loved the man and she replied yes and â€Å"he sprang upon [her] like a tiger and gave [her] a stunning blow†. (Jacobs, 394) That is the first time Dr. Flint struck her but it wouldn’t be the last. Almost every woman in this word wants to marry and have kids, just assure, it was probably the same way in Linda’s time. After a while a women’s maternal wants start to kick in and she begins to want to raise a family of her own. To have that not available as an option is crushing and is probably one of the worst form of mist reatment and abuse to Linda and other young ladies and women, in her position. Then to also be verbally abused by your mistress, by attacking your wants, and making it known that she opposes slaves having a right to any family ties of their own and that the were created merely to wait upon the family of the mistress. (Jacobs, 392) Various other slave narratives tell of similar and even worse mistreatment and abuse, so it seems as if these incidents depicted by Jacobs can also be taken at face value. There in no question without an answer in this case. The extent of the mistreatment and abuse, physical, mental and emotional is no longer in question. These acts of cruelty violence, and abuse more than likely happened the way Jacobs depicts them, and is even possible that she didn’t disclose the full extent of the abuse. There is no way that these instances were over exaggerated, they were more likely to be under exaggerated, if anything. Through various sources it is seen that events, such that are vividly recreated in Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, were very possible and similar acts were seen throughout several different slave narratives of slaves from different states. When Linda cried, â€Å"there is no shadow of law to protect her from insult, from violence, or even death† she was honestly speaking the truth and she just happened to be one of the ‘lucky’ ones that was able to make it out alive and tell her story. Bayliss, John. Black Slave Narrative. New York City: The Macmillan Company, 1970. Escott, Paul. Slavery Remembered. Charlotte: The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill, 1979. Garrison, Mary. Slaves Who Dared. Shippensburg: White Mane Books, 2002. Press, Arnco. Five Slave Narratives. New York: Arnco Press, 1968. Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Boston, 1861. Research Papers on The Mistreatment of SlavesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Quebec and Canada

Human Resource Management- Cases Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Management- Cases Study - Essay Example The baby boomers were loyal workers that gave their lives for the companies they work for. The generation Y members have no loyalty for corporations and will work for the highest bidder that provides working environments that they like. The employee retention rate of companies among generation Y workers is much lower than other generations. 3. Generation Y workers will have to make adjustments in the workplace in order to be successful. The workers have to accommodate their styles to the corporate culture of their workplace. If the workplace has a specific dress code the generation Y workers have to act maturely and professional and follow the corporate guidelines. 1. I believe offshoring jobs to developing nations like India in a necessary strategic move that increase labor opportunities in India, while at the same time protecting thousands of jobs in America because the savings achieved in these arrangement are invested to improve the domestic business operations. 2. There are plenty of adjustments an employee needs to make when starting out in a job for an Indian company. There are cross cultural differences that must be studied in order to understand each other. When communicating with colleague one must act with respect and listen well perform making a respond. 1. The direct labor or non-managerial employees of a company represent a labor force whose behavior influences the performance outcome of a corporation. This group must be included in the design process of an incentive compensation plan. 3. The American Woodmark scorecard approach is an analytic tool whose application is more effective in flexible organizations. A company whose organizational structure follows a matrix mechanism can benefit from implementation of the Woodmark method because different team members would be able to receive unbiased feedback from outside workers that are not part of their immediate teams. 1. It is completely unethical to promise employee benefits and then many

Internship paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Internship paper - Essay Example It is a work environment where any career hotel manager would desire to work in. Employees in all departments undertake their tasks separately and share information through a file named ‘HR file’ in the office network that is administered by the HR department. According to Haves & Ninemeir (2012), workplace ergonomics influence worker motivation and productivity. A good work environment has helped to maintain skilled and experienced staff in the organization. Teamwork is also a significant strategy that promotes employee productivity. There is a high level of teamwork among the employees who often assist each other despite everyone having enough work to do. By the smile on the faces of everyone that is maintained all along as they work, a high level of employee satisfaction is evident. Luo & Milne (2014) highlight the importance of employee satisfaction to an organization’s productivity. Happy employees demonstrate a strong drive to achieve in their respective roles. As much as an organization may be interested in making great profits, it is necessary to be people oriented to ensure that they own the organizational goals and hence work towards their accomplishment. The management at Hilton Hotel Jeddah understands that product superiority and profits come as a result of a competent and committed workforce and hence the application of people oriented strategies in the management of human resources. Mr. Jamar is the training manager and holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration. His decision to work in this field is because it fits his specialization. It is important to be engaged in a field where one is skilled for high productivity to be achieved. An education background in human resource management or psychology might be helpful in this field. It is also important to possess interpersonal skills to relate effectively with workmates and the management. The

Audit and assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Audit and assurance - Essay Example iples and standards allowed the management of corporations to manipulate their accounts easily and according to their own desires leaving behind misery for shareholders and a whole lot of mess for the regulators and the government to manage. This discussion paper will examine the arguments targeting the auditing profession that blamed auditors for not performing their responsibilities and for not doing enough to detect and prevent these cases of fraudulent activities of major corporations in the US. This discussion is supported by presenting details of five important accounting fraud cases which made the headlines and in some cases where auditors were also involved in assisting management in their malpractices. The auditors’ role is primarily viewed as that of verification of financial statements prepared by businesses. However, traditional view of it remained that auditors are responsible for detecting and preventing accounting frauds. The transition from this view to that of independent verification of financial statements was led by emergence of huge conglomerates where shareholdings are dispersed and the concentration of auditors’ investigation is not on the management’s honesty in preparing their accounts (Singh 2003). ISA 200 provides details of overall responsibilities of independent auditor and sets out the scope and nature of audit activities to be performed in accordance with international auditing standards. It states that the auditors’ role is to increase the confidence of users of financial statements by making a presentation on all material aspects of information disclosed in financial statements. However, it emphasizes that auditors do not relieve management from their role in corporate governance and ensuring the correctness of information provided in financial statement. The auditors are required to provide reasonable or high assurance regarding that financial statements are free from material misstatement. However, it is not in anyways an

Individual Differences A Brief Overview Psychology Essay

Individual Differences A Brief Overview Psychology Essay A person differing from others is understandable, but how and why a person differs is less clear and is therefore a subject of the study of individual differences (Revelle, 2000). Individual differences are the differences among individuals, in regards to a single characteristic or number of characteristics, which in their totality distinguish one individual from another and make oneself a unique individual (Mangal, 2007). Characteristics that define individual differences can be classified into four main categories: Learning Style, Aptitude, Personality and Emotional Intelligence. 1.2 Learning Style Learning Style refers to the idea that every individual is different in regard to what manner of coaching or study is most useful for them (Pashler, et al., 2008). Some learn best by hearing information, while others see and/or write down information (Cherry, 2012). According to David Kolb; learning involves the gaining of abstract concepts, which are the intangible ideas that can be applied fluidly in a variety of situations, leading to knowledge (McLeod, 2013). Kolbs experience-based learning style theory is a four stage learning cycle in which effective learning can only be seen when an individual is able to accomplish all four stages of the cycle (McLeod, 2013). The cycle consists of: Concrete Experience Æ’Â   Reflective Observation Æ’Â   Abstract Conceptualization Æ’Â   Active Experimentation (McLeod, 2013). Concrete Experience: A new experience or situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of an existing experience. Reflective Observation: Surveillance of others or developing interpretations about ones own knowledge/experience. Abstract Conceptualization: Daydreaming/Intuition/Reflection leads to a new idea, or a variation of an existing abstract concept learners create theories to explain observations. Active Experimentation: The learner applies its knowledge/experience/observations to the world around them in real time to see its outcome using theories to explain/answer problems and make proper judgments. 1.3 Aptitude The term aptitude is sometimes treated the same as abilities, particularly when the focus is on prediction of performance in other settings or occasions (Kyllonen Gitomer, 2002). Abilities are cognitive or mental characteristics that affect ones potential to learn or to perform, whereas aptitude includes any number of individual-differences factors that influence ones willingness or chances of learning or performing successfully (Kyllonen Gitomer, 2002). Even Aptitude and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tend to relate in view of human mental ability, however, they are in fact quite the opposite. IQ sees intelligence as being a single measurable characteristic affecting all mental ability, whereas aptitude breaks mental ability down into many different characteristics which are supposed to be more or less independent of each other (wikia.com, 2013). Similarly skills, abilities and aptitudes are related but are separate descriptions of what a person can do, and thus, should not be conflated (wikia.com, 2013). Skills describe what a person has learned to do in the past (wikia.com, 2013); abilities describe what a person can do now (wikia.com, 2013); aptitudes, however, describe a persons potential to learn from the past and apply its learning in the future (wikia.com, 2013). All these describe what and how a person can learn to do something effectively. 1.4 Personality Personality explains the unique characteristics of individuals, as well as relationships among groups of people (Cherry, 2011). A person is able to stand out in the crowd due its personality; this is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in an individual (Cherry, 2011). Although some outer forces can influence how certain characteristics are expressed, personality originates from inside an individual. While a few characteristics of personality may change with age, personality is likely to remain somewhat reliable during the whole life (Cherry, 2011). The major characteristics of personality are (Cherry, 2011): Personality is Organized and Consistent: People tend to communicate certain features of their personality in various circumstances and their responses are usually stable. Personality is Psychological, but is influenced by Biological Needs and Processes: While an individuals personality might lead him/her to be calm in normal situations, but when threatened or provoked it might lead him/her to be more aggressive. Personality causes behaviors to happen: People respond to others and objects in their surroundings based on their personality. From private preferences to choice of profession, every facet of their existence is affected by their personality. Personality is displayed through thoughts, feelings, behaviors and many other ways: An individuals presence/existence all together releases energy of good or bad vibes depending on how they connect with all that encompasses their surroundings. 1.5 Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the ability to process emotions (Toyota, 2011); it is the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings, to differentiate among them, and to use this information to guide ones thinking and action (Salovey Grewal, 2005). A four-branch model, proposed by Mayer and Salovey, identifies EI as a set of four related abilities: Perceiving, Using, Understanding, and Managing Emotions (Salovey Grewal, 2005). Perceiving Emotions: The ability to detect and interpret emotions in faces, pictures, voices, and cultural artifacts. It also includes the ability to identify ones own emotions. Using Emotions: The ability to control emotions to smooth the progress of various cognitive activities, such as thinking and problem solving. Understanding Emotions: The ability to understand emotion language and to value complex affairs among emotions. Furthermore, it includes the ability to recognize and describe how emotions develop over time, such as how shock can turn into grief. Managing Emotions: Consists of the ability to manage and normalize emotions in both ourselves and in others. Task for M1: 2.0 Choose a psychometric test for each type that would yield the most valid and reliable results in the workplace. 2.1 Psychometric Test A Brief Overview Psychometric tests are structured assessments that aim to measure, without bias, characteristics of an individuals mental capacity, or aspects of their personality (Price, 2010). Business employers use it as it offers greater objectivity, reliability and validity than interviews; and also helps provide additional information that helps the employer to create an overall profile of employees and to foresee how they will function in the workplace (HJB.com, 2013). The tests are homogeneous, which means that all applicants sit the same assessment and are scored according to the same criteria, no matter where or when the test is completed (HJB.com, 2013). However, taking a wide range of tests depends upon individuals needs as to how they approach or want to approach their personal development (Becker, 2011). Focusing on improving weak areas of performance can lead to great progress in achieving objectives when strengths are identified and developed (Becker, 2011). Therefore, psychometric t esting can assist in choosing the approach that will deliver the most benefit. 2.2 Types of Psychometric Tests Psychometric assessments fall under two groups. The first measures and evaluates an individuals ability to understand verbal/written words or their ability to reason with numerical figures (Farrington, 2007), or to follow directions as asked (Price, 2010). The second measures personality traits through personality tests (Farrington, 2007), assessing everything from motivation to values, from personality inclinations to working preferences (Price, 2010). In the world of employment, the choice of test is extremely vital since such tests are used: during the recruitment phase to select the best candidate, or to help select candidates for career advancement (Price, 2010). As a result, tests are gradually more customized to the jobs they are used for. 2.3 Learning Style Psychometric Test The Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) was developed to determine an individuals preferred learning style (PsychPress.com, 2013). There are four learning styles (Watts, 2007): Activist: Engage themselves fully in all new experiences. Reflector: Like to pause and take time to evaluate their experiences from every angle. Theorist: Like to adapt what they see into their own words in order to create their own theories, which are accurate but can appear overly complicated. Pragmatist: Are eager to try out fresh ways of doing things to see if they can be put into practice and yield results. Most people prefer certain learning styles over others. As a result, their preference tends to misrepresent the learning procedure as such that greater emphasis is placed on some stages to the disadvantage of the other stages (PsychPress.com, 2013). Therefore, LSQs provide a key to understanding these different preferences. People gain learning styles through repetition of successful strategies and tactics while they put an end to those that are not, which leads to the development of preferences for different behavioral patterns that become habitual (PsychPress.com, 2013). Therefore, LSQs help people to learn effectively about themselves so that they may be saved from inapt learning experiences. A thorough understanding of learning styles through LSQs enable the tailoring of education and training programs to suit an individual or group (PsychPress.com, 2013). Particular forms of learning to which individuals respond can be identified through LSQs which aids in improving individual a nd group performance. This also makes training and development as well as other learning activities valuable and less challenging for the participants, and thus helps in reducing training costs by saving valuable time (PsychPress.com, 2013). 2.4 Aptitude Psychometric Test Aptitude tests attempt to measure trait intelligence (IQ) and cognitive ability in individuals from the indication of their efficiency in processing information (PsychometricInstitute.com, 2013). Intelligence is either fluid or crystallized (PsychometricInstitute.com, 2013). Crystallized intelligence involves verbal or language-based accumulated knowledge developed mainly through education and other life experiences (PsychometricInstitute.com, 2013). However, fluid intelligence indicates adaptability and flexibility in the face of new experiences that do not allow automated reasoning (PsychometricInstitute.com, 2013). An example would be where logic is needed in identifying an odd shape from a number of shapes in an odd-one-out type question. Since an individuals aptitude is complex, Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) is used. It is a widely accepted method of online psychometric testing that includes aptitude tests, reasoning tests, verbal reasoning tests and numerical reasoning tests (PsychometricInstitute.com, 2013). Although the programming, testing properties and science behind CAT are quite complex, the course, as experienced by the candidate, is not (PsychometricInstitute.com, 2013). Even though the test is taken online, it has many advantages compared to written tests such as: reduced administration time, reduced test-taking time, increased reliability for measuring applicants aptitude, trims down the quantity of items in online psychometric tests by optimally customizing items to the candidate, practice for CAT-based tests is identical to practicing traditional online psychometric tests, all of it is computer-based and administered online, thus, practicing for these types of psychometric tests is considered idea l (PsychometricInstitute.com, 2013). 2.5 Personality Psychometric Test Personality tests are assessments which assess an individuals somewhat stable behavioral trends and preferences within an occupational perspective (PsychPress.com, 2013). Such tests also require the least preparation (PsychPress.com, 2013). Personality tests are based on behavior mainly due to the indirect and complex nature of an individuals personality (PsychPress.com, 2013). If used appropriately, these tests can be extremely helpful in improving knowledge of ones self and other people. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality test designed to indicate the psychological types of an individuals personality, its strengths and preferences (Cherry, 2012) so as to find out the reasons for individual differences (Price, 2012). MBTI aims to let candidates discover and understand more about their own personalities which includes; likes, dislikes, strengths, weaknesses, job preferences and compatibility with others (Cherry, 2012). One other thing worth noting is that the questions in these tests have no allocated correct answer (Price, 2012) because no one personality type is best or better than any other one (Cherry, 2012). This test isnt a means to look for dysfunction or abnormality, but rather help individuals learn more about themselves (Cherry, 2012). The test is made up of four different scales (Cherry, 2012): Extraversion (E) Introversion (I): Extraverts are more open and lively, they are more social, and they are filled with energy after spending time with other people. Introverts are more into themselves; they tend to think a lot, they enjoy meaningful social interactions, and are filled with energy after spending time alone. Sensing (S) Intuition (N): This scale indicates how people collect information from their surroundings. Individuals, who pay a great deal of attention to reality, especially to what they can learn from their own senses, are sensing. Those who are intuitive consider stuff like patterns and impressions. Thinking (T) Feeling (F): This scale focuses on decisions people make that are based on information they gather through their sensing or intuition functions. People are more into thinking when they stress on facts and objectives data. People who put greater emphasis on feelings arrive at a conclusion based on people and emotions. Judging (J) Perceiving (P): This scale is about how people tend to deal with the outside world. People who like structure and firm decisions are more judging. People who are more open, flexible and adaptable, are more perceiving. Due to MBTI ease of use, it has become one of the most popular psychological instruments. According to the Myers Briggs Foundation, the MBTI meets accepted standards of reliability and validity (Cherry, 2012). 2.6 Emotional Intelligence Psychometric Test Emotional Intelligence (EI) tests help evaluate several aspects of an individuals EI and suggest ways to improve it (Queendom.com, 2013), so that they can understand the level of their relation with emotions (Agarwal, 2007). It helps an individual to understand themselves better in order to deal better with themselves, and know what to avoid and what not to (Agarwal, 2007). The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) is the most often used test of emotional intelligence (Daniels, 2010). This test focuses on emotions rather than intellectual skills (Daniels, 2010). MSCEIT comprises items such as to; identify the emotion in given pictures of peoples faces, select which emotion can help achieve particular tasks, understand the way emotions interact and blend among them, and to recognize how they can use their emotions in difficult social situations (Daniels, 2010). The MSCEIT measures emotional intelligence in terms of four key competencies, including an individuals ability to: (i) Recognize their own and others emotions, (ii) Generate and use emotions in problem solving, (iii) Understand emotions and how emotions may change, and (iv) Manage their own and others emotions (Onetest.com, 2010). It has been confirmed that people with high EI prove to be thriving in life than those with lower EI, even if their Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is average (Queendom.com, 2013). This is because people with higher EI are better able to express their emotions in a healthy way, and better able to understand the emotions of colleagues; therefore, leading to better work relationships and performance. In the workplace, it leads to successful leadership, increased productivity and higher customer satisfaction (Onetest.com, 2010). On a personal level, it ultimately leads to a more successful and fruitful life. Task for P2: 3.0 Assess the usefulness of psychometric instruments in the workplace. 3.1 Psychometric Tests As mentioned in M1 Task; Psychometric tests include personality profiles, reasoning tests, motivation questionnaires, and ability assessments. These tests try to provide objective data for otherwise subjective measurements. For example, if you want to determine someones attitude, you can ask the person directly, observe the person in action, or even gather observations about the person from other people. However, all of these methods can be affected by personal bias and perspective. By using a psychometric test, you make a more objective and impartial judgment. Since objectivity is the key to using these assessments, a good psychometric test provides fair and accurate results each time its given. To ensure this, the test must meet these three key criteria: Standardization: The test must be based on results from a sample population thats truly representative of the people wholl be taking the test. You cant realistically test every working person in a country. But you can test a representative sample of that group, and then apply the results to the specific people whom you test. Also, a standardized test is administered the same way every time to help reduce any test bias. By using a standardized test, you can compare the results with anyone whose characteristics are similar to those of the sample group. Reliability: The test must produce consistent results, and not be significantly influenced by outside factors. For instance, if youre feeling stressed when you take the test, the test results shouldnt be overly different from times when you were excited or relaxed. Validity: This is perhaps the most important quality of a test. A valid test has to measure what its intended to measure. If a test is supposed to measure a persons interests, then it must clearly demonstrate that it does actually measure interests, and not something else thats just related to interests. 3.2 Psychometric Tests in the Workplace Psychometric tests have become a well established tool in the workplace, particularly in large organizations where 70% claim to use some form of psychometric measure as part of the recruitment process. They are also increasingly used for career planning, team building, management development, counseling and succession planning. Many individuals also use them to evaluate their own attributes and as evidence for potential employers. 3.3 Usefulness of Psychometric Tests Workplace Psychometric test is useful in: Selection of Personnel: By applying psychometric tests when hiring workers, we are able to judge their competency core objectively. For example, here at Galactic Space, when we were hiring someone for monitoring gaming, we interviewed a person named Raees Gul. He applied for the post of working as a waiter, but when we interviewed him and gave him a set of questionnaires which consisted of different questions on the different departments of the lounge, we concluded he was better at gaming. Task Allocation: It has great use in task allocation of employees when we gain in-depth knowledge of their strength and weaknesses, through which we can easily judge which area they would work best at. Finding Personality: Having detailed knowledge of employees personality helps us in understanding how to communicate with them and deal with them during various circumstances. Task for D1: 4.0 Make justified recommendations for the use of two types of measures in making business decisions. 4.1 Decision-Making Predicament The present-day world presents complex decision-making challenges, be it in a business environment or day-to-day personal situations. As were discussing issues related to a business environment, we will focus on decisions that are related to the various dilemmas in the business world. For example; decisions made during staff selection and training, since companies request for specific profiles with precise individual qualities and knowledge about competencies related to a specific field; or decisions related to making an investment with high risk but with high returns, since shareholders are looking forward to high profits. 4.2 Aptitude Business Decisions Since we mentioned in P1 that every human being is complex, therefore their aptitudes are also complex. Employment specialists, that are part of the Human Resource Department, mostly use aptitude tests to determine whether someone is a good fit for a job or promotion, have the ability to adapt to a new work environment and culture, and are able to process information systematically. It is very important because to understand aptitude is to understand their mental and physical attributes. For example; a person who has good analytical skills, the will to take justified risks and bear pressure, can well be suited in the finance department (provided that he has a finance background). Since peoples ability to process information is limited; therefore, knowing that they can adopt a variety of heuristics or rules of thumb when making decisions can help solve business problems, assist in product choice and consumption option, and most importantly, their personal lives. A heuristic is a menta l shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make decisions fast and efficiently (Cherry, 2011). Thus, this helps shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about the next course of action (Cherry, 2011). Although heuristics are helpful in many situations, they can also lead to biases in decision making. Nevertheless, how they influence business and consumer decisions in everyday life is golden. 4.3 Emotional Intelligence in Business Decisions In a world where people are facing unparalleled hardships, their emotions are spilling out in uncontrollable measures. Since experts claim that EI could be responsible for as much as 80% of any success (StarlightPsych, 2013); therefore, many businesses are interested in the EI of their workforce because understanding the EI of future employees can have clear benefits. It can be the difference between a successful and a risky hire (StarlightPsych, 2013); the latter should obviously be avoided to prevent a business, especially a big one, from facing dire consequences. Conducting EI tests also helps evaluate important aspects of work-related activities where the management can know beforehand on; how to deal with emotionally charged situations where stress and anger is involved, the manner of workforce relating themselves to their superiors and colleagues, the ability to learn, follow leadership, and so on. We also mentioned in M1 that work relationships and performance are directly rel ated to the EI of the workforce. Every human being has emotions, and motivation plays a large role in pushing emotions to its limit. Therefore, when management tap into the positive energy of EI, it can not only make work life easier for them and the workforce, but also lead to a better connection with top-level management through; top notch performance, lowered employee absenteeism, improved productivity and efficiency, and last but not the least, increased overall profits. 4.4 Conclusion Although there is no right answer as to which type of measure can lead to good or near-perfect business decisions, employing some or all measures can at least reduce bias in the results. For example, in a situation where a person seems to have a low IQ does not make him/her a dumb person, since that person might have a better EI, or even a great personality that makes him a much better person when it comes to ethics. Its a never-ending battle between right and wrong, true and false, dumb and smart, etc. All we can hope is that all this brings human beings closer together, regardless of their psychoanalytic assumptions.

The Dark and Twisted Joyce Carol Oates Revealed Essay -- Biography

Back Ground: Joyce Carol Oates was a true change in American Literature. She associated many novels that revealed political stances along with physical and psychological pain. (1) Joyce grew up in a rough neighborhood in Detroit, Michigan. It was not uncommon for her to behold mistreatment, abuse, and gang violence; especially towards women. Detroit was a major political city were women’s rights were being fought. (2) Physical brawls broke out all over the city due to the uprising of women who wanted the same rights as men. (2) This uprising was called the Feminist Rights Movement. Women were mistreated and held unequal to men, they were not even allowed to be apart of any work force or vote. (7) organizations for women started to emerge all of the united States. (4) Joyce took experiences that she undertook and witnessed first hand and used them cleverly in her novels. (3) She accumulated her experiences in one of her most famous novels We Were the Mulvaney’s. (5) This n ovel refers to both physical and psychological pain among all the characters. Rape, death, abuse and how women were treated were all presented in this book. (5) Mrs. Mulvaney, the mother, always tended to her husbands needs, even if she disagreed with them. Mrs. Mulvaney had no say in any of the matters that arose. She even sent away her own daughter for the better of her husband. Joyce’s peculiar inspirations lead many to believe that she was looking for some sort of coping mechanism or some one who could relate to what she has experienced in her life. (1) Her inspirations included Edger Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Williams Faulkner, and lastly Flannery O’Conner. These authors wrote about the dark emotional feelings that arose with death a... ...) Oates novels in the nineteen seventies explored many different complex cultures and elements of human life and tragedy. She barrowed many of these idealistic views from Edger Allen Poe. These ideas referred back to death and love suicide which fell along the same lines of Poe’s. (2) Joyce had a very extensive impact on society. She verbalized her opinions and did not care what critics or anyone had to say about it. (2) She wanted to get her thoughts out there for the world to see and hopefully change their ways for the better. Joyce is broadly known in American literature for her controversial topics, but her most famous topic was the Feminist Rights Movement. She affected a good portion of relationships between males and females with her writing. It is truly inspirational that someone could write novels, and change views in some societies. 

Survey on Body Image

Ref. No. ((((Interviewer No. _____ Survey on Body Image (Sample Questionnaire) PART I Please put a tick ( in the box that best reflects your opinion. 1. Are you aged over 25? ( Yes (Please continue answering question 2 in this part) ( No (This is the end of this survey. Thank you very much for your assistance! ) 2. In general, are you satisfied with your body figure? (Interviewer please check the quota) ( Yes ( No PART II Please indicate how do you think about the following statements is true by circle the number. No. |Questions |Strongly |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | |Disagree | | | |Agree | | | | | | | | | |2 |I think I am shorter than I should have. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |3 |I prefer to wear clothes that can hide my body shape. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |4 |I need to do something to change my body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |5 |I am very dissatisfied with my body figure. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |6 |I always take records of my body weight. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |7 |I always read diet publications. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |8 |I always calculate the calorie intake. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |9 |I always pay attention on the issue of slimming. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |10 |Celebrities’/models’ body image is my desired body image. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |11 |I feel unsatisfactory to my body shape when comparing with the |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |celebrities’/models’ body image. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |12 |I am very envious of those celebrities’/models’ body figures appear on those |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |slimming advertisements. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |13 |I want to look as good as a model/celebrity. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | |14 |I think celebrities’/models’ body image is a symbol of beauty. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |No. Questions |Strongly |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | |Disagree | | | |Agree | | | | | | | | | |16 |I believe I would have more job opportunities if I have a good figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |17 |I believe I would have longer life if I have a good figure. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |18 |I believe I would have many admirers if I have a good figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |19 |I believe I would have more acceptances in social life if I have a good |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | |figure. | | | | | | |20 |People around me are more likely to make friends with slim people. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |21 |People around me would use different ways to keep body shape. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |22 |People around me do not satisfied with their body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |23 |People around me like discussing on their body shape. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |24 |I feel not in the group if I am fatter than people around me. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |25 |I do mind if people play a joke on my body figure. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |26 |IÂ  do mind if I find that I have gained some weight. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |27 |I do mind people telling me I am fat. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |28 |I feel bad talking to another female with slim body. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |29 |I feel guilty when I eat too much. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |30 |All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |31 |I take a positive attitude toward myself |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |32 |I have confidence in myself. 1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |33 |At times I think I am no good at all |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | | | | | | | | | |34 |I feel that I have a number of good qualities |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | 35. I most frequently obtain information about slimming from the following channel (tick ( one only): ( TV ( Radio ( Newspaper ( Magazine ( Internet ( Others (please specify):____________________ Part III We would like to end with a few demographic questions. Please write down the related information or put a tick ( in the appropriate option. 1 |My age is: ______ years | |2 |My weight is: about ______________ pounds (or ______ kg) | |3 |My height is: about ______feet ______inches (or ______ cm) | |4 |How often do you exercise? ______ times per month | |5 |My marital status is: ( Single ( Married ( Widowed ( Divorced ( Separated | |6 |My monthly inocme is: | | |( Below $5000 ( $5001-$9000 ( $9001-$15000 ( $15001-$25000 ( $25001 or above | |7 |The highest level of education I attained: | |( Primary school or below ( Lower secondary ( Upper secondary ( Matriculation | | |( Certificate/Diploma/Higher Diploma/Associate/Bachelor’s Degree ( Master’s Degree ( Ph. D. | ———————– Thank you very much for your assistance! Hello! I am a student of XX University. I am now conducting a survey about body image among Chinese female adulthood. It is grateful if you could take 5 to 10 minutes to complete this questionnaire. There is no right or wrong answer. Your participa tion is voluntary. The information obtained in this study will be used to prepare a research report and no identifying information will be revealed in the dissemination of the results. Thank you.

Memoirs Of A Sleep

Memoirs Of A Sleep The paper traces the meanings of associated with the word savage by analyzing the book by Edgar Huntly, Memoirs Of A Sleep-Walker by Brown. The paper recognizes that the different nuances of the word savage have been brought into use to justify the attitude in colonialism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs Of A Sleep-Walker specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper Conrad’s work the Heart of Darkness is used to illustrate the attitude of colonialism towards African societies that are seen as savage. The paper cites information from colonialism informed materials that have taken to support the savage attitude as the lowest form of a human society. The paper ends with a note that colonialism was an attempt to raise the savage to civilized standards of the world that resulted to conflict. Savage as a word has many connotations and meaning when used in the daily use of language. As a result therefore wh en uttered the obvious and most common meaning inferred is that of lacking complex or advanced culture. In this meaning the word savage is taken to refer to a people or a country that lies behind the normal standards as relatively measured by the civilized concepts. Civilization is the opposite where a people or a nation are seen in terms of culture and practice as complex, sophisticated and modern. By this definition therefore, any culture whose practices, way of life as well as perspectives seem to differ than the standardized norms and to some extent viewed in a negative sense bear the mark ‘uncivilized’ and hence its inhabitants become savage. By inferring to the other meanings of savage this paper seeks to understand the nuances of the word application in many uses. Savage has another entry in the language dictionary of one which has not been domesticated. This has the sole meaning that the subject of talk is not under human control and therefore may be termed wild . To term the subject wild translates to the opinion that it is untamed and thus the principles of operation are based and understood from the animalistic point of view. This means that they are guided by animal instinct (Chidester 12).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other entry meaning of savage refers to the lack of restraint which is observed by human beings. In this meaning the subject referred to as savage lacks the normal human control skills hence it is guided by this nature to become ferocious and fierce. It may also take the form of uncultivated or wild as well as rude to mean of manners. This work will thus aim to evaluate the usage of the term savage in Brown’s work ‘Edgar Huntley Memoirs of a Sleep Walker’ as well as the colonial usage of the word (Page 45). In his work Brown makes the main protagonist refer to his enemy in a pa rticular view that denotes the different meanings of the word savage. One such use of the word is found in the line â€Å"†¦my condition, the savage rushed from his covert in order to complete his work† (Brown 4) is used in the sense that depicts the enemy who is the main protagonist. In this story the protagonists relents his story that occurs to the reader as a battle requiring the participants to use every necessary techniques to defeat the enemy. As a result therefore, this reference to the enemy who happens to be an Indian as later the character reveals can only be taken to mean the ferocious enemy bent on killing another. It is important on the other hand to note that the attitude of the main protagonist is skewed against his enemy based on the fact that he becomes the victorious participant of the ensuing charade despite his admission that he had been injured on the cheek. As a result therefore the reader finds pejorative attitude towards the character’s op ponent which runs through the novel (Bain-Selbo 23). In another instance he describes the last enemy of the five group gang against his survival in the following words â€Å"†¦He moved on all fours and presently came near enough to be distinguished. His disfigured limbs, pendants from his nose and ears and his shorn locks were indubitable indications of as savage, (Brown 23).† This meaning is purely based on the definitions of savage that borders and translates to wild and uncultivated. To infer to this meaning this enemy is rendered beastly by the description of moving on ‘all fours’ which gives the impression of animal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs Of A Sleep-Walker specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main character creates the image of an animal which is further extended to ferocity based on the fact as explained by the character that his actions were meant to kill (Jauregui 1 5). The description of the pendants hanging from his ears and nose clearly give the reader the impression of an ancient culture whose notoriety of using such ancient jewelry is on records. In the present image therefore the main character invokes the meaning of uncivilized being that lacks taste in the choice of usage beautifying elements. As a result therefore the reader perceives this enemy as crude and unsophisticated. This image is further stretched by the narrator in the description of the loud shrieks that his enemy throws after receiving the bullet. These ‘doleful’ shrieks at first convince the narrator to run away from the scene only to compel him later to end the necessary task of killing the enemy. It is only worthy to note that the narrator at first attributes the movement of the enemy to that of a beast like a panther or a bear (Brown 21). Indeed he refers to his enemy as a wretch who needs to be relieved his present pain and pangs and thus this gives the na rrator the excuse to eliminate him as an enemy now and in the future. In this story the character is related to an English colonial man who is his uncle in the state country of India. His predicament follows from the fact that he is being chased for some particular reasons by the natives of India. In his description of Queen Meb it becomes clear that the settler are unwanted in this country and hence the ensuing conflict between them and the natives lead to the apparent state of affairs that inform of his predicament (Meining 16).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By the description of the thicket and country side where he walks through it is clear that the country is in position that is explainable in savage terms. The country side lacks serious roads that depict countries at the time of colonialism. Based on the fact that the English was far much advanced its colonies could only be referred to shabby shadows of itself and therefore they were by all terms uncivilized. In his book, Conrad attributes the same character traits to the natives of the African lands. In their description Conrad using his major narrator a stem engine driver the reader is informed of savage attitude towards them. This is clearly depicted by the dying scene at the station of black figures that the narrator does not first recognize as human beings. He observes that their presence in the station makes it move forward through their hard work. In return they would get nothing except hunger that resulted to emaciated figures whose beautiful reward was to succumb to the bow els of the earth through untold suffering. In this work Conrad’s presentation of the natives is of the pure most savage attitude and meaning noting from the choice of his words. The narrator refers to the place of as the heart of darkness which is only characterized by big buttressed forests that seems to stand and stare forever with no apparent movement (Conrad 81). Indeed this is well confirmed back in England by the doctor whose experiment seeks to measure the impact of the experiences of the ‘heart of darkness’ upon seafarers and explorers. The narrators attempt to decline experimental measurements of the skull for his studies come to a futile effort when he explains the purpose and the impeding danger he is to face (Bird Rose 34). As if to confirm this fact the narrator’s search for Mr. Kutz as the most famous and trusted explorer leads to confirm these truths as of the savage nature of the natives. He narrates that the man responsible for repairing t he engine of his steam boat is one who can not be trusted despite the fact that he had been trained very well. He therefore has to guide and watch his work to ensure that everything was right. In this attitude he makes the statement that the Africans are savage starting from their environment to themselves (Moses 13). When he meets Mr. Kutz he gets disappointed by his state of affairs. Although he is the most famous explorer in the region he has turned to tendencies that reveal his inferior nature to the former self. The narrator realizes that Mr. Kutz has been affected by his long stay in the heart of darkness and thus his mentor powers and brilliance no longer match or reflect his stock heritage. His efforts to save Mr. Kutz are fraught with instances that reveal his attitudes of the natives as savages who get frightened by the sound of a whistle (Conrad 90). In their book Woodard and Minkley (32) observe that the origin of slavery appeared in the scientific quest for the state of nature of the infancy of mankind. The discussions sought to classify people into in relation to superior and inferior codes in the theory of political governance. These discussions had been influenced by issues like the social contract which led to the question of the need for civil laws in civil societies. Enlightenment issues after indicated that the development of human societies started from the most basic forms, savagery to attain the highest levels of human form. Therefore savage represents the lowest form of human being or society and hence colonialism would be justified as a form of practice that would help to change from this low form to a better more advanced form (Piomingo 3). In these respect therefore, these historical thinking informed and guided the start and onset of colonialism in the world. As an example the Khokhoi and the San were seen as a society lacking the necessary ingredients to inform of a civilized society and therefore the British and the Dutch colonial practices were justified. This would only make the ‘savages’ better hence the need for colonialism (Brown et al. 24). As a result therefore, the meaning of savagery in the colonial times was a means to move and in the countries in an attempt to raise the low human beings close the best society. In this process the colonialist would take the position of a guide to new and civilized tastes of the human society already civilized. However, in this process conflict would arise as the savage sought to rid himself of the burden of mistreatment and oppression resulting to the states explained by Brown. Bird Rose, D. Hidden histories: black stories from Victoria River Downs, Humbert River, and Wave Hill Stations. Sydney: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1991.Print. Brown, Charles B. Edgar Huntly, or Memoirs of a sleep-walker. Oxford: Oxford University. 2006. Print. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. London: Penguin Popular Classics, 1994. Print. Chidester, David. Savage systems: colo nialism and comparative religion in southern Africa. Studies in religion and culture. Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1996. Print. Dickason, Patricia, O. The Myth of Savage and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. 1997. Print. Jauregui, Carlos A., and Morana, Mabel. Revisiting the colonial question in Latin America. Madri:Iberoamericana Editorial, 2008. Print. Meining, Sigrun. Witnessing the past: history and post-colonialism in Australian historical novels. Langeweisen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2004. Print. Moses, Dirk. Empire, colony, genocide: conquest, occupation, and subaltern resistance in world history. Oxfor:Berghahn Books, 2008. Print. Page, Melvin E., Colonialism: an international social, cultural, and political encyclopedia. California: ABC-CLIO, 2003. Print. Piomingo. The savage. New York: T.S. Manning. 2006. Print Woodward and Gary Minkley. Deep histories: gender and colonialism in Southern Africa. Amsterdam:Rodo pi. 2002. Print. Bain-Selbo, E. Judge and be judged: moral reflection in an age of relativism and fundamentalism. Oxford: Lexington Books, 2006

Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Essay Example

Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Essay Example Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Paper Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Paper The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of temperature on the rate that enzymes work. The purpose was to determine whether increasing the temp made the enzymes more active, and if so, at what temperature does the activity start to decline. The experiment consisted of thirty test tubes, with 5 test tubes at each temperature. The temperatures used were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees Celsius. For each temperature there were four test tubes with a sucrose substrate, a buffer, and an enzyme, and one test tube with just sucrose substrate, a buffer, and distilled water. After the liquids were mixed and left for exactly twenty minutes, DNS was added to each test tube and then each tube was boiled for 10 minutes, and finally the test tubes were removed from any heat and distilled water was added. Finally the blank test was placed in the photo spectrometer, and the results were compared the other four test tubes to determine the absorption rate for each temp. Compared with the best fit line for the given data, the average absorption was plotted and then calculated to determine the micro-moles of sucrose at each temp, and from there the rate of micro-moles of sucrose per minute. The results were that at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees Celsius the average absorbance was .2895, .6880, .9100, 1.515, 1.670, and 1.345 respectively. This shows that from 10 to 50 degrees Celsius the enzyme activity increased, however at some point above 50 degrees Celsius the enzyme activity decreased. This implies that enzymes are more active around 40 and 50 degrees Celsius and less active either below or above those temperatures. The data provides grounds for a conclusion that enzymes are more active around 40 and 50 degrees Celsius, and less active on either end, with the activity declining sharply toward either extreme. Introduction The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, specifically Invertase. Invertase is an enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of Sucrose into Fructose and Glucose. Enzymes are catalytic proteins that are used to speed up reactions. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to complete a reaction in four ways: by bringing the substrates close together, orientating the substrates correctly, promoting acid-base reactions, and excluding water from the reactive environment. In order for a chemical reaction to occur, the necessary components of the reaction must first interact with each other. In most cases, this interaction is orientation specific: one collision between 2 molecules will allow the reaction to proceed while another collision of different molecules will not. The active site of an enzyme not only provides a specific environment for substrates to interact, but correctly orients the substrates involved, allowing the reaction to proceed. Acid-base reactions are a major component of many chemical reactions. Enzymes promote acid-base reactions by bringing proton-accepting and proton-donating R groups of amino acids in close proximity to substrates. Another way enzymes lower the activation energy is by shutting out H20. Enzymes bind substrates so tightly in their active site that some or all of the water molecules in solution are shut out. The absence of water molecules greatly lowers the activation energy for reactions that require a non-polar environment or reactions that occur between hydrophobic substrates. While enzymes do lower the activation energy of reactions, the rate at which they do this depends on many factors. Temperature is one of the factors that determines at what rate enzymes will catalyze reactions. All enzymes have a temperature range at which they catalyze the most reactions. Also at either end of the temperature spectrum, enzymes will cease to work. Enzymes are held together by a combination of Hydrogen Bonds, Hydrophobic interactions, and Vander wall interactions. These weak, non-covalent interactions can only hold enzymes together under very specific environmental conditions (temperature, PH, salt concentration). As any or all of these conditions become too harsh, the non-covalent bonds which hold the enzyme together are no longer able to do so. At the coldest temperatures, enzymes will not work because the particles in a specific solution would not move, and therefore the enzymes will not come in contact with any substrates with which to react. At the hottest temperatures the weak non-covalent bonds are not strong enough to hold the high energy components of the enzyme together. This experiment, while important is in no way groundbreaking. The data collected will not surprise anybody, but it will help to reinforce the conclusion that temperature effects enzyme activity in the way that at extremes of temperature enzymes will not work, and somewhere in between the lack of activity will be the ideal temp for each specific enzyme. Also this experiment will help the class learn firsthand how temperature, and all the other factors that effect enzyme activity, actually do. Each section of the experiment had a specific purpose, to aid in the formulation of a conclusion. The goal was to test the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. To test this, 5 test tubes were heated at temperatures at 10 degree intervals between 10 and 60 degrees Celsius, four with all the solutions present, and one constant with everything except the enzyme. The purpose of the control was to determine the color change (absorption rate) of the sucrose solution compared to a test tube without any enzyme. In case there was a change in color even without the enzyme, the control would determine how much change was due to enzyme activity, and how much was unrelated. After the heating at each specific temp for 20 minutes, DNS was added. The purpose of DNS was to stop the reaction and provide data for how much enzyme activity took place. The DNS reacted with the glucose, and the solution with DNS would change color depending on how much sucrose was separated into glucose and fructose. The more enzyme activity the darker the color, and the darker the color the more light would be absorbed by the test tube while in the spectrophotometer. Without the DNS one would not be able to tell with such accuracy just how active the enzyme Invertase was. The test tubes were placed in boiling water when the DNS was added to speed up the particles and to make sure everything that could react, did. Methods and Materials Initially, fairly large beakers containing tap water were heated to temperatures between 10 and 60 degrees Celsius at 10 degree intervals. When the water in these beakers reached the desired temperature, using whatever method necessary, the water was manipulated to stay at the temperature for as long as necessary, at least 30 minutes. After the desired temp was reached, 5 test tubes for each temperature were prepared, and each test set of test tubes was numbered 1-4, and B. All 5 test tubes were initially filled with .5ML of the sucrose substrate, and .5ML of the buffer. After that four of the test tubes had .5ML Invertase added, while the other had .5ML of distilled water added. Once all the necessary solutions had been added, the set of 5 test tubes, (one control and four with enzyme) for each temperature level were added to the temperature specific bath. The test tubes were placed in the bath in such a way that the test tubes would rest inside the beaker, with the heated or cooled water effecting the temperature inside the beaker. However there would be no contact between the heated water and the solutions inside the test tube. For the next 20 minutes each set of 5 test tubes was kept inside each temperature specific beaker, with the necessary adjustments being made to assure steadiness of temperature. When 20 minutes was up, each set of 5 test tubes was removed, and separated to avoid confusion of data. After the beakers were taken out, 1ML of DNS was added to each test tube in each temperature, then the tubes were covered with aluminum foil, and finally all the test tubes were placed in a beaker with boiling water for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes all the test tubes were removed from the boiling water bath. Next .5ML of distilled water was added to each beaker, then aluminum foil was placed over the top, and finally each test tube was cooled under cold water. After all the test tubes were cooled, each set of 5 was separated and prepared for the spectrophotometer. For each temperature level the following description is the same. The OD was set to 540 nm, and then the temperature blank was used to then set the transmission percentage. Then the four test tubes that contained the enzyme were placed in the Spectrophotometer and their values were compared with the blank test tube. The transmission for each of the four variable tubes was averaged to obtain an average for each temperature value. Finally a graph was made using the given data. The data obtained in the experiment was then compared with the best fit line of the graph of the given data, and the rate of enzyme activity for each temperature was calculated. Using the calculated data, a new graph was made with temperature and rate and the X and Y axis, to show visually the effect of temperature of enzyme activity. Used in this experiment were 6 large beakers, for the heating and cooling of the temperature baths. Also used were a few small beakers to hold the sucrose solution, the buffer, and the Invertase. To hold the 4 variable solutions and the one control for each temp value, 30 regular test tubes were used. To heat the large beakers two electrically powered burners were employed. To write on the test tubes the groups used wax pencils, and finally to accurately measure amounts of each solution syringes were used.

Writing for Professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing for Professional Practice - Essay Example This has resulted in the development of media and scientific literacies. While in the globalized world technologies spread at rapid pace, there are still over 860 million adults that are illiterate. Additionally, nearly 100 million lack access to school. The importance of literacy within contemporary society has not gone unnoticed. The United Nations has declared 2003-2012 the decade of Literacy as Freedom. The notion of literacy is witnessed in a variety of ways. This essay considers the various freedoms literacy offers in a globalized society. Analysis Considered from an overarching perspective literacy has been recognized as contributing to freedom in a variety of ways. An examination of literature on the subject of literacy freedom demonstrates thematic nodes. Many theorists have focused on literacy in terms of empowerment, including women’s right freedoms or emerging nations (Freire 2000; Freire 2005; Dighe 1994). Still, it’s clear that literacy extends to freedoms that relate to all elements of society. One freedom literacy affords individuals and populations is security. Indeed, insecurity has been prominently linked to illiteracy. This term is extended to insecurity in a variety of avenues. Not being able to read and write is a tremendously anxiety producing experience, as individuals fear social stigmatization, ridicule, or a variety of other conditions. While there is the potential that something awful may happen to an individual that is illiterate, Knobel (1999, p. 20) indicates that the very state of being illiterate is indicative of something terrible having happened. In many ways this perspective on literacy as granting the individual the freedom of mental and emotional help is not restricted to populations in Western societies, but can be extended globally, particularly in the emerging world. Bhasin (1984, p. 37) examined literacy in India. Specifically, she examined the construction and development of an educational institute named the Pratichi Trust. The study revealed that over time the girl’s that were admitted to the institute quickly gained the literacy skills of their male counterparts; in this way literacy afforded the freedom of gender equality. Gender equality, however, wasn’t the only freedom gained through this literacy. The study notes that soon the parents became involved and it encouraged a greater degree of community involvement and harmony. In Development As Freedom, Amartya Sen advances a framework that considers the relation between literacy and freedom (Sen 2000). The consideration of this framework reveals a number of prominent ways that literacy offers freedom in a globalized society. One of the central thorough-puts of Sen’s framework is the recognition that literacy often contributes to opportunities and options. The consideration in this way is that literacy must be considered in terms of development. This development extends to personal and professional modes and comprehensively influences the individual’s existence. Rather than specifically considering the way that literacy contributes to freedoms or the avoidance of unfreedoms, there is an emphasis on the social structures that the individual must navigate. The argument then is that development in literacy allows the individual the skills necessary for this navigation. Sen (2000, p. 284) writesn, â€Å"A child who is denied the opportunity of elementary schooling is not only deprived as a youngster, but also handicapped all through life (as a person unable to do certain basic things that rely on reading, writ- ing and arithmetic).† While Sen recognizes there are considerable freedoms that are achieved through literacy, perhaps even more important is the recognitio

CCTV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CCTV - Essay Example For example, CCTV surveillance cameras have been installed in areas such as car parks in order to reduce rate of crime. CCTV was developed through a relationship between photographic image and crime control, which is deeply rooted since the birth of photography. In fact, the initial photographic technique considered commercially viable was into Paris, and it was patented in 1839. Furthermore, by 1840 this photographic technique has gained the potentiality, through which criminal classes could be identified and documented. Therefore, CCTV has been very effective in the process of targeting vehicle crime in various car park schemes. On the other hand, there are other different fictions that taken by use of CCTV to reduce crime (Welsh and Farrington, 2). Moreover, ideas presented in this research are aimed at supporting use of CCTV in order to improve the level of security in private and public settings. Apparently, ideas presented in this paper support future use of CCTV schemes, throu gh application of high-quality evaluation design based on a long follow-up duration (Welsh and Farrington, 2). ... Furthermore, use of CCTV for crime prevention increases probability of detection, thereby promoting usage of various facilities by public without fear (Rose, 127). On the other hand, CCTV encourages people to take security precautions due to increased potentiality of becoming victims. In addition, CCTV offers a way of encouraging direct intervention of law enforcement officers and the security personnel in the process of preventing crime. There is also a possibility that CCTV can increase signal enhancement in various regions, which can result to increase of community pride, cohesion among members of community, thereby informing the social control (Rose, 127). Actually, CCTV has led to increased expansion of surveillance the resent years, and this is aimed at responding to the increasing anxieties regarding crime and the treat to security and safety. In this case, this has led to deployment of a significant number of surveillance cameras in different public areas such as transport in frastructures (i.e. airports, subways), shopping malls, sport arenas, and residential streets. Besides, this has been serving as a tool of reducing crime and risk management. Traditional visual surveillance system depends on human operators, who monitor activities in order to determine actions that should be undertaken in dealing with a situation where an incident has occurred (Shaogang, Loy, and Xiang, 2). In this case, CCTV can be used in the process of tracking targets that are suspicious using different cameras and informing necessary agencies to areas of concern. On the other hand, there are cases which may be miss-detected using manual systems, and these results from inherent limitations associated with deployment of sole human operators